现代风险社会中危害性原则的角色定位

Harm Principle in the Modern Risk Society

功利制约正义的国权主义刑法思想会使刑法成为控制风险与不安全性的重要工具,促使危害性原则内涵不断膨胀,刑法的社会机能随之扩张并使危害性原则的人权保障机能与批判机能逐渐丧失。在现代风险社会语境下,以保障人权、自由为本位的人本主义刑法理念仍然是立法与司法的基本准则。风险的控制应该是有梯度的,危害性原则必须与刑法谦抑思想并用才能成为刑事立法的指导原则;必须在形式的构成要件框架内,在形式理性优先于实质理性的前提下才能成为刑事司法的指导原则。

The statist criminal doctrine preferring utilitarianism rather than justice might make criminal law a dominant instrument to respond to risk and insecurity so as to extend excessively the connotation of the harm principle and lead to criminal law＇s unlimited expansion of its social function while the harm principle＇s loss of its human rights protection and critical functions.In the context of the modern risk society,humanist philosophy based on human rights protection and freedom is still the principal test in criminal legislative and judicial areas.Criminal law should be the last resort to risk management.To be held as the guiding principle,the harm principle must be employed together with the modest and suppression doctrine of the criminal law,within the formal framework of the constituent elements,and in the premise of formal rationality prior to substantial rationality.