TRIPS协议第13条“三步检验法”对著作权限制制度的影响——兼评欧共体诉美国“版权法110(5)节”案

Effect of TRIPS Agreement(Article 13) Three-Step Test on Copyright Limitation:On EU-US Dispute over US Copyright Act 110(5)

从《伯尔尼公约》到TRIPS协议,三步检验法经历着从复制权限制的反限制到所有权利限制的反限制的扩大过程,其助推力则为美国版权法第110条款争端案和随后WTO专家组对TRIPS协议第13条的解释。对于三步检验法的三步优先适用顺序这一问题,WTO专家组以"等级命题"的方式给予回答。由此,三步检验法成为著作权限制制度适用的一个大前提,凸出了背后著作权人权利扩张的趋向,中国著作权法中三步检验法其实质为二步检验法,未来如何进行调整尚有待立法者和学界进一步思索。

From the Berne Convention to TRIPS Agreement,the three-step test has undergone a process from setting limits to copyright limitation to setting limits to all right limitation,the momentum behind of which,it is said,is due to the US-US dispute over US Copyright Act 110（5） and the subsequent WTO pane＇s opinion of TRIPS Agreement（Article 13）.As to the priority of the three-step test in application,the WTO panel gives an answer as ＂grade propositions.＂ Thus,the three-step test is held the precondition for all copyright limitations,indicating expansion of the rights of copyright holders.In China,the three-step test applied is indeed a two-step test,how to revise which remains a problem challenging both the legislators and scholars.