推荐一个有机化学实验-甲基叔丁基醚的制备

Recommendation of an Organic Chemistry Experiment-Synthesis of MTBE

在教学实践的基础上，推荐了一个有机化学实验。用15％稀硫酸做脱水剂，保持甲醇过量条件下，以甲醇与叔丁醇为反应物，控制在80～85℃反应，利用维氏分馏柱收集40～60℃馏分，即得甲基叔丁基醚粗品，水洗，干燥，加金属钠回流精制。通过实验可以让学生掌握醇分子间脱水反应制备醚的原理和操作；掌握分馏、洗涤、干燥、过滤、回流、蒸馏等基本实验操作技能。

Based on the teaching practices, an organic experiment was recommended. Using 15% dilute sulphuric acid as dehydrant, keeping methanol excessive, methanol and tert--butanol were reacted under 80 -85℃, Vickers fractionation column was used to collect the fraction at 40--60℃, coarse product of methyl tert--butyl ether（MTBE） was gotten. Then, coarse MTBE was washed by water, dried by desiccant, reflux with sodium metal. The aims of this experiment are making the students grasp the principle and practice of synthesis of ether by dehydration between the alcohol molecules, and grasp the basic practices of fractionation, washing, dry, filter, reflux, distillation etc.