225例成人麻疹临床特征及流行病学分析

Clinical features and epidemiological analysis of measles in 225 adult patients

目的分析总结成人麻疹的临床特征,为临床工作积累经验。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年1月我院诊治的225例成人麻疹患者发病时间、职业、地区分布、疫苗接种史、接触史、临床表现,并发症及治疗转归等临床资料。结果本组成人麻疹患者以发热、咳嗽、流涕、皮疹为主要临床表现,52%有麻疹接触史,96%麻疹病毒抗体阳性,90%肝功能异常。治疗以抗病毒和保肝对症治疗为主。并发症以肝损害、电解质紊乱多见,少数并发支气管炎、心肌炎。结论近年成人麻疹病例呈增多趋势,且成人麻疹病情复杂,病程长,全身中毒症状重,易于并发肝损害,早期积极治疗是关键,预后良好。

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical features of adult measles and accumulate experience for clinical work.Methods The clinical data of onset time,occupation,geographical distribution,vaccination history,exposure history,clinical manifestations,complications and treatment outcome were retrospectively analyzed in 225 patients with adult measles in our hospital from Jan.2007 to Jan.2011.Results The main symptoms with adult measles patients were fever,cough,runny nose,and rash.52% of the patients had a history of exposure to measles,96% with measles virus-IgM positive,and 90% with liver dysfunction.Antiviral and symptomatic therapy was the main treatment strategy for measles.Complications such as liver damage,electrolyte disorders were more common,and a small number of patients were with bronchitis and myocarditis.Conclusion Adult measles cases showed an increasing trend in recent years,and complex condition,longer duration,heavy symptoms of systemic poisoning and easy to concurrent liver damage occurred.Early and active treatment is the key to a good prognosis.