1990年代以来乡土小说中的贫富分化与怨恨心理的生成

Gap between Rich and Poor and Generation of Grudge Psychology in Rural Novels from 1990

1990年代以来,中国社会的贫富分化造成了巨大社会心理变动,作家们在乡土小说中对这种贫富分化所致的怨恨心理及乡土社会的变迁给予了极大的关注。文章运用心理分析方法来分析乡土小说中的主体建构,发现乡土伦理与现代个体价值往往会产生剧烈的冲突,这种冲突混杂了农业文明的潜意识和现代城市文明的镜像景观,造成了乡土社会转型过程中主体的独特走向。由贫富分化造就的怨恨心理生成机制出发,仔细考察1990年代乡土小说中所表现出来的农民心理,我们看到农业文明已经构成了农民主体中的文化性场域,贫富分化造就的怨恨心理早已深入主体的无意识领域。由此前现代的农耕文化将永远是乡土中国的一部分,无法被彻底剥离。

From 1990, the gap between rich and poor of Chinese society has already created great changes in social psychology. Writers of rural novels pay much attention on the grudge psychology involved and the transformation of earthbound society. By using the psycho-analytical method, the author finds that the huge conflicts often do exist between local ethics and modern individual value. It is this conflict, which masses up the subconscious of agricultural civilization with the image landscape of modern civilization, giving rise to the unique development trend of subject in the transformation process. Begin with the generative mechanism of grudge psychology, we can find the agricultural civilization has structured the cultural fields for farmers. Obviously, grudge psychology caused by the gap between the rich and the poor has already been rooted into the unconscious part of social subjects for a long time. The pre-modern peasant culture will always belong to the Chi- nese earthbound society.