凤尾蕨属5种植物孢子体形态研究

Study on the Sporophytic Morphology of Five Species of Pteris L.

采用光学显微镜对凤尾蕨属5种植物孢子体形态特征进行观察和分析,以探讨该属植物的形态和亲缘关系,为凤尾蕨属的系统分类提供新的资料和依据.结果显示,该属5种植物的基本气孔类型为腋下细胞型和极细胞型;叶脉类型为无网眼的羽状分离型;副叶脉呈一回分叉平行分布;5种植物的维管束木质部多为单柱型管状中柱,也有部分双柱型网状中柱,管状分子中均有导管分子存在,仅在蜈蚣蕨和银脉凤尾蕨中发现管胞,其中井栏边草无纹孔膜残余.研究表明,蜈蚣蕨和银脉凤尾蕨较为原始,井栏边草、溪边凤尾蕨、紫轴凤尾蕨关系更近,也更为进化.

The sporophytic morphology of five Pteris was studied by using optical microscope in order to ex- plore the relations between morphology and systematic position of Pteris,in hopes provide new reference and basis for further classification of the genus. The results show that the basic stomatal types of the 5 spe- cies are axillocytic type and polocytic type. Venation type is the pinnate separation and no mesh form. The lateral venations are the once bifurcated parallel distribution;The vascular bundle in xylem of the 5 species are mainly simple columnar type tubular column,sometimes are double pillar mesh column. The tracheary elements widely existed in vessel elements and tracheid only found in P. vittata and P. ensiformis cv. ＂vic- toriae＂,among them,Pteris multifida without pit membrane residuary. The results of the comprehensive analysis show that P. vittata and P. ensiformis cv. ＂victoriae＂ are relatively primitive; while, P. aspericaulis,P, multifida and Pteris excelsa are more close and development.