活性炭对苦荞幼苗根系和叶片生理特性的影响

Effect of Activated Carbon on the Roots Growth and Leaves Physiological Characteristics of Tartary Buckwheat Seedling

以山西省主栽苦荞品种‘黑丰1号’温室盆栽幼苗为材料,设置土壤活性炭含量分别为0(CK)、2.5(B2.5)、5.0(B5.0)、7.5(B7.5)、10(B10)g/kg共5个水平,研究土壤中施加活性炭后对苦荞幼苗根系及碳氮代谢、保护酶活性等指标的影响.结果显示:(1)随着活性炭施用比例的增加,苦荞幼苗根系生长指标和根系活力指标均呈先增后减的趋势,根平均直径呈先减后增的趋势,其中B5.0、B7.5处理的幼苗根系总长度、总表面积、总体积、活跃吸收面积、根尖数均显著高于对照,但B10处理的根系发育减弱.(2)随活性炭施用比例的增加,苦荞幼苗叶片蔗糖酶活性变化呈先增后减的趋势,同一处理水平条件下随苦荞的生长而逐渐下降;B2.5、B5.0处理苦荞幼苗叶片蔗糖酶活性和可溶性糖含量均比CK极显著增加,B7.5处理略有提高,B10处理差异不显著.(3)苦荞幼苗叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性随活性炭的增加基本呈上升趋势,而同一处理水平下随苦荞的生长而下降;叶片GS活性在B5.0、B7.5处理时比CK极显著提高,可溶性蛋白质含量在B7.5处理时也显著提高.(4)叶片保护酶SOD、POD、CAT活性随活性炭浓度的升高呈先升后降的变化趋势,而同一处理水平下各时期间变化不大;B2.5处理叶片的SOD、POD和CAT活性比对照显著增强.研究发现,适量施用活性炭(2.5～7.5g/kg)能有效促进苦荞幼苗碳氮代谢和保护酶活性,增强其根系活力.

In order to study the effects of activated carbon on the roots growth,C and N metabolism and protective enzymes of ＇Heifeng No.1＇ in Shanxi,various doses of activated carbon（0,2.5,5.0,7.5 and 10 g/kg） were added into soil in greenhouse pot.Results showed that：（1）With the concentration of activated carbon increasing,the roots growth showed an optimal performance and the average diameter showed a minimum value;Total root length,total surface areas,total volume,root active absorbing areas and the number were improved significantly（P0.05） with 5.0（B5.0） and 7.5（B7.5） g/kg activated carbon applied,but the root grew weak with 10 g/kg activated carbon（B10）.（2）With the concentration of activated carbon increasing,the activity of invertase reached a peak at B5.0,and then decreased gradually in pot culture;Invertase activity and soluble sugar content were increased significantly（P0.01） treated by 2.5（B2.5） and 5.0（B5.0） g/kg activated carbon,and B7.5 and B10 performed similar to the control（CK）.（3）With the concentration of activated carbon increasing,the activity of GS increased and then decreased gradually in culture;The activities of GS were increased significantly（P0.01） treated by 5.0（B5.0） and 7.5（B7.5） g/kg activated carbon;and protein content at B7.5 was improved as well.（4）With activated carbon added increasing,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT also got a maximum and then changed very little with the culture time;The activities of SOD,POD and CAT at B2.5 were much higher than that of CK.Therefore,we concluded that certain activated carbon could improve the metabolism,activities of protective enzymes and root growth.