重庆市铜梁地区重金属污染对2岁幼儿神经心理发育的影响

Effect of heavy metal pollution on neuropsychological development of 2-year-old infants from Tongliang District, Chongqing

目的探讨重庆市铜梁地区燃煤电厂关闭前后环境污染物（重金属铅、镉、汞）对儿童早期神经心理发育的影响。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法，纳入122对（关闭前2年）和118对（关闭后2年）健康母子，分别检测母血和脐血血清铅、镉、汞水平，并测试幼儿2岁时的神经心理发育水平。结果该地区电厂关闭前2年出生婴儿脐血汞水平与其2岁时运动、语言、个人-社会及平均发育商存在负相关（β=-0．202，β=-0．202，β=-0．231，β=-0．250，P〈0．05）；关闭后2年出生婴儿脐血汞水平与其2岁时语言、个人-社会及平均发育商存在负相关（13=-0．136，β=-0．241，β=-0．182，P〈0．05）。关闭前后出生婴儿脐血铅高水平组（〉34．0μg／L，〉34．6μg／L）各能区发育商均低于脐血铅低水平组（≤34．0μg／L，≤34．6μg／L），其中适应和个人-社会发育商均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论该地区存在铅、镉、汞重金属污染，且铅、汞污染对2岁儿童神经心理发育造成损害。

Objective To study the effect of environment pollution （lead, cadmium and mercury） be- fore and after shutdown of the coal-fired power plant in Tongliang District, Chongqing on early neuropsychologi- cal development of children. Methods A total of 122 （born 2 years before shutdown of the coal-fired plant） and 118 infants （born 2 years after shutdown of the coal-fired plant） paired maternal-neonatal subjects were re- crnited in this prospective cohort study. Serum lead, cadmium and mercury levels in blood of mothers and cord blood of infants, and neuropsyehological development levels of 2 years old infants were measured, respectively. Results The mercury level in cord blood of infants who were born before shutdown of the coal-fired power plant was negatively correlated with the motor, language, social and average development quotient （DQ） of those at the age of 2 years （ β = - 0.202, β = - 0.202, β = - 0.231, β = - 0.250, P 〈 0. 05 ） and of those who were born 2 years after shutdown of the coal-fired power plant （ β = -0. 136, β = -0. 241, β = -0. 182, P 〈0. 05） . The DQ was lower in infants with a high lead level in cord blood than in those with a low lead level in cord blood before and after shutdown of the coal-fired power plant （ ≤34.0μg/L vs 〉 34.0 μg/L,≤34.6 μg/L vs 〉 34.6 μg/L, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion There is lead, cadmium and mercury pollution in Tongliang District, Chongqing. Lead and mercury pollution impairs the neuropsychological development of 2 years old infants.