立体显示中深度线索对调节反应及其微波动的影响

Effects of depth cues on accommodative response to stereoscopic displays

目的通过评估绘图深度线索和视差深度线索对调节反应的影响，分析线索冲突对调节及其微波动的影响。方法实验研究。采用开放视野的红外自动验光仪测量30例被检者双眼注视50cm处不同视标下右眼的调节反应。视标分为无绘图深度线索和有绘图深度线索，并且分别以2D和3D的形式呈现（视标1：无绘图深度线索无视差深度线索；视标2：仅有绘图深度线索；视标3：仅有视差深度线索；视标4：既有绘图深度线索又有视差深度线索）。采用重复测量的方差分析。结果视标1～4的调节反应均值分别为（1．35±0．24）D、（1．42±0．27）D、（1．40±0．27）D和（1．36±0．25）D，4种视标的调节反应差异有统计学意义（F=3．48，P〈0．05）。有无视差深度线索或绘图深度线索对调节反应的影响差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但是当两个线索组合时对调节反应的影响差异无统计学意义。结论双眼视差深度线索和绘图深度线索在一定程度上增加了被检者的调节反应，但当两者结合同时作用时，对人眼调节反应的影响不是简单叠加作用，可能与调节所接受的生理和心理共同作用的复杂性有关。与平面图像相比，短暂3D视觉刺激，调节微波动相对比较稳定，可能与短期内3D丰富的画面比较吸引专注注视和视觉系统积极适应有关。

Objective To study the effect of pictorial and disparity depth cues on accommodative response, to analyze the effect of cue conflict on accommodative variability and response in the human visual system. Methods Experimental study. Thirty young adults with normal stereoscopic function participated in this study. Accommodative responses were continuously measured with a Grand Seiko WAM-5500 infrared auto-refractor under binocular viewing conditions. The targets were presented at a viewing distance of 50 em on a stereoscopic display that included different depth cues： （!）no cue, （~）pietorial depth cue only, （~）disparity depth cue only, （~）disparity＋pictorial depth cue Data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results The accommodative responses to the 4 targets were 1.35±0.24 D, 1.42±0.27 D, 1.40±0.27 D andl.36±0.25 D. There were statistical different responses to the 4 targets （P〈0.05）. In the same viewing environment, a strmulus with either a pictorial depth cue only elicited a higher accommodative response than a stimulus with no cue （P〈0.05）, disparity depth cue only made higher accommodative response than with nothing cue stimulus （P〈0.05）. However, there was no significant difference （P〉0.05） between the accommodative response to the disparity＋pictorial depth cues stimulus and a stimulus with no cue. Conclusion Both disparity depth cue and pictorial depth cues increase accommodation, however, the effect of the summation of two depth cues on accommodative response is not a simple combined effect but a complex one. Compared with two-dimensional pictures, accommodative mierofluctuations are steadier while viewing stereoscopic pictures using multiple cues in a short time interval. This may be related to focusing attention and positive adaptation using colorful 3D pictures in a short time interval.