大白菜——花椰菜异源多倍体的形态、细胞及分子鉴定

The Morphological,Cytological and Molecular Identifications of Allopolyploids of Chinese Cabbage-Cauliflower

应用形态学、解剖学、细胞学及分子标记的方法对大白菜与花椰菜的异源四倍体和异源三倍体进行倍性鉴定。结果表明,异源多倍体在植株叶片、花器官和气孔等性状上较其二倍体双亲均表现出巨大性,而气孔密度和结实率则降低,其中异源四倍体比异源三倍体表现更明显。SRAP分子标记分析表明,异源多倍体中包含了双亲的遗传信息,是双亲间真杂种。细胞学观察显示,异源四倍体的染色体数为2n=4x=38,异源三倍体的染色体数为2n=3x=29。异源多倍体的获得及鉴定为进一步创制大白菜新种质提供了材料。

The chromosome identifications of allotriploid and allotetraploid of Chinese cabbage- cauliflower were carried out by morphological, anatomical and cytological observation and molecular marker technique. The results showed that, compared with diploids, the polyploid plants possessed gigantism in the leaves, stomata, flowering organs and reduction in the density of stomata and fecundity, allotetraploid was more obvious than allotriploid generally. According to SRAP molecular marker analysis, the polyploids contained all genetic information of both parents, which showed that polyploids were real hybrids. Cytological identification revealed that chromosome number of allotetraploid was 2n = 4x = 38 and chromosome number of allotriploid was 2n = 3x = 29. The obtaining and identification of allopolyploids provide materials for creating new Chinese cabbage germplasm.