农业耕地土壤中114株农药降解菌的分离与筛选

Isolation and Screening of 114 Strains of Pesticide Degrading Bacteria from Agricultural Soils

根据农田使用农药史选择灭蝇胺、氯氰菊酯、异丙威进行农药富集培养和平板划线分离,在28种长期受农药污染的不同作物耕地土壤中分离到114株农药降解菌,并用高效液相色谱法测试对吡虫啉(100μg/ml)的降解率,72 h后进行检测。结果 114株降解菌中用吡虫啉筛选到10株降解率达到25%以上的细菌,降解率为10%～25%之间的细菌为78株,降解率小于10%的细菌为26株。对农药降解效果较好的降解菌主要分布在长期大量使用农药的蔬菜作物(大姜、大葱、芦笋等)耕地土壤,而施药相对较少的果园和棉花田中降解菌的数目和降解能力偏低。

In this paper, 114 strains of pesticide degrading bacteria were separated from 28 kinds of contaminated agricultural soils by enrichment culture and plate streaking method. Their degrading rates to 100μg/ml imidacloprid were determined by HPLC after cultured for 72 hours. 10 strains were isolated with the degrading rate more than 25%, while 78 strains between 10%-25%, and 26 strains lower than 10%. The bacteria in vegetable crop soil with long pesticide using history and great amount had stronger degrading ability, while those in orchard and cotton fields with low pesticide using amount had weaker degrading ability.