环境管制对中国污染密集型行业企业竞争力影响的实证研究

Empirical Study on the Effect of Environmental Regulations on Corporation Competitiveness of Pollution-intensive Industries in China

按照经济学的分析思路,政府加强环境管制会增加企业成本,从而影响企业的竞争力。但是,著名管理学家波特却提出了一个新的假说,认为从长期和动态的角度来看,加强环境管制会促使企业寻求技术创新和管理创新,不仅不会损害企业竞争力,实际上通常还会增强企业的竞争力,实现环境管制与企业竞争力的"双赢"。本文利用1993-2009年中国污染密集型行业企业的省际面板数据对环境管制与企业竞争力的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果显示:环境管制对市场占有率、亏损率指标产生了显著的影响,环境管制增强1%,企业的市场占有率就会提高0.7%,企业的亏损面会降低0.15%;环境管制对利润率指标的影响为正,但不显著。从大多数人的长远利益出发,政府应坚定不移地加强我国的环境管制,走绿色发展之路。

According to economic analysis, the government implementing stricter environmental regulations might increase a corporation＇s cost and then affect corporation competitiveness. However, a famous management scholar, Porter, promoted a new hypothesis which argued that from a long-term and dynamic view, the strengthening of environmental regulations might force corporations to seek technological and management innovations, which not only do not hinder corporation competitiveness but also often enhance it and lead to a＇ win-win＇ situation between environmental regulations and corporation competitiveness. This paper does an empirical study on the relationship between environmental regulations and corporation competitiveness by using China＇ s provincial panel data of pollution-intensive industries during 1993 -2009. The resuhs show that environmental regulations have prominent effects on market occupation ratio and loss range of the corporation. When environmental regulations increase 1%, market occupation ratio increases 0.7%, and loss range of the corporation decrease 0.15%. Environmental regulations have positive effects on profit ratio but the effect is not prominent. Based on the long-term interests of the majority, the government should unswervingly strengthen environmental regulations and take the green development path.