清政府的矿务政策与中英铜官山矿务交涉

Mine Affairs Policy of the Qing Government and the Britain-China Tongguan Mountain Mine Affairs Negotiation

甲午战争后外国资本进入中国的矿业,清政府针对新的矿务形势进行矿务立法。铜官山矿务交涉源于安徽巡抚与凯约翰私定开矿条约,本为凯约翰与安徽巡抚进行交涉,在英国的要求下,清政府介入纠纷并以新的矿务立法为依据与英商斡旋签订了新的开矿合同。新开矿合同签订不久,因英商的屡次延期开采,清政府在安徽和全国民众的压力下重新与英商谈判收回矿权,最终以赎买方式解决。铜官山纠纷历时数年,清政府在铜官山矿务纠纷事件上用矿务立法和机构建设来维护本国权益,中国矿务机制在这个过程中不断改善;然而清政府的矿务政策在强国英国面前未能完全发挥效力。

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, the foreign capital began to intervene in mining industry of China. The Qing government enacted the law of mining industry to adapt to the new situation. Tonggnan Mountain negotiation derived from the con- tract made by the governor of Anhui and Kay John on exploiting minerals in Tonggnan Mountain. At first, Kay John made a repre- sentation to the governor of Anhui. Afterwards, the Qing government had to intervene in the representation in view of the demand of Britain, and make a nee contract with Kay John on the basis of the new law of mining industry. Soon after the nee contract, be- cause of Kay John＇s repeated extension of exploiting minerals, the Qing government restated the negotiation with Britain to take back the mineral rights, under the pressure of Anhui and national people, and finally resolved the dispute by means of redemption. The Tingguan Mountain dispute lasted several years and the Qing government applied the law of mining industry and constructions of institution to this dispute to defend state interests, while the institution of mining affairs improved continuously in the process. However,in a weak position, the Qing govemment＇s mining affairs policy could not take full effect in the face of the great power of Britain.