利用氟乐灵进行同源四倍体萝卜种质创制研究

Auto-tetraploid Induction by Trifluralin Treatment in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

本研究应用除草剂氟乐灵处理两叶一心幼苗生长点,进行同源四倍体萝卜种质诱导,对变异植株进行形态、细胞学鉴定和花粉母细胞染色体数目鉴定。结果表明,应用 0.2 mmol/L 和 1.0 mmol/L 氟乐灵处理,6个萝卜品种都获得同源四倍体植株,10 mmol/L 处理仅在 Nau-zhqh 得到同源四倍体;其中 0.2 mmol/L处理 Nau-dy 和 1.0 mmol/L 处理 Nau-xbch 获得四倍体最高诱导率(40%);四倍体种质与二倍体种质相比,形态性状、气孔大小、保卫细胞内叶绿体数目、花器官大小、花粉粒大小及花粉萌发率都存在显著差异,将形态、气孔鉴定和染色体计数结合可以准确确定变异株的倍性。研究表明利用氟乐灵诱导是进行萝卜同源四倍体种质创新的有效途径之一。本研究应用除草剂氟乐灵处理两叶一心幼苗生长点,进行同源四倍体萝卜种质诱导,对变异植株进行形态、细胞学鉴定和花粉母细胞染色体数目鉴定。结果表明,应用 0.2 mmol/L 和 1.0 mmol/L 氟乐灵处理,6个萝卜品种都获得同源四倍体植株,10 mmol/L 处理仅在 Nau-zhqh 得到同源四倍体;其中 0.2 mmol/L处理 Nau-dy 和 1.0 mmol/L 处理 Nau-xbch 获得四倍体最高诱导率(40%);四倍体种质与二倍体种质相比,形态性状、气孔大小、保卫细胞内叶绿体数目、花器官大小、花粉粒大小及花粉萌发率都存在显著差异,将形态、气孔鉴定和染色体计数结合可以准确确定变异株的倍性。研究表明利用氟乐灵诱导是进行萝卜同源四倍体种质创新的有效途径之一。

Radish tetraploids were induced by treating the apical meristems with trifluralin at two-leaf seedling stage. The variations were identified by morphological, cytological characteristics and chromosome numbers. The results showed that all the six different radish lines used in this study could be successfully induced into the tetraploids by the trifluralin treatments at 0.2 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L. However, when the trifluralin concentration reached 10 mmol/L, successful induction was only achieved in Nau-zhqh. When these apical meristems were treated with 0.2 mmol/L and 1.0 mmol/L trifluralin respectively, the highest induction ratio of 40% was obtained in the two lines, Nau-dyl3 and Nau-xbch. There were significant differences between tetraploids and diploids in stomata size, chloroplast number in guard cell, flower size, pollen size and germination rate. It could be concluded that the ploidy level of mutant plant could be determinated by the combination of morphological, cytological identification and chromosomes counting. This study indicates that trifluralin treatmentis an effective method for tetraploid germplasm induction in radish.