热液金刚石压腔 (HDAC)在地质上的应用及甲烷水合物合成实验研究

APPLICATION OF HYDROTHERMAL DIAMOND ANVIL CELL TO GEOLOGY AND THE EXPERIMENT IN SYNTHESIS OF METHANE HYDRATES

热液金刚石压腔 (HDAC)是 2 0世纪末发展起来的一种高温高压及低温高压实验技术。它可在 - 180～ 12 0 0℃ ,10 0～ 10 0 0 0MPa水热体系进行实验 ,并具直观实验全过程的特点。文中首次运用HDAC在水体系中对哀牢山花岗岩进行了熔融实验 ,在显微镜下观察到花岗岩熔融过程 ,其初熔温度为 712 88～ 714 87℃ ,压力为 2 2 5MPa ,熔融温度为 759 54～76 0 0 0℃ ,压力为 30 0MPa。重点介绍了国外运用HDAC进行冰的高压相、水体系中伟晶岩矿物溶解、可燃有机岩、石油及岩石热解、高压下矿物包裹体均一温度测定及甲烷水合物合成实验研究新成果。甲烷水合物在永久冻土带及大陆坡、海底高原、海底沉积物等地质环境广泛分布 ,储量大 ,可成为 2 1世纪人类使用的新能源。目前世界主要国家的科学家除致力于该资源勘探外 ,还运用不同方法进行甲烷水合物的合成研究 ,以了解其形成条件及性质。开发和应用甲烷水合物具有重大意义 ,为促进我国此项工作开展 ,文中作了重点介绍。

Hydrothermal Diamond Anvil Cell (HDAC)is a newly emerged high temperature high\|pressure/low temperature high pressure experimental technology at the end of the 20th century.With HDAC,experiments could be conducted at -180℃ to 1200℃ and 100～10000MPa within hydrothermal system and the entire experiment process could be observed.This article describes the first melting experiment on granite in Ailaoshan mountain within H 2O system utilizing HDAC.The melting process of the granite was observed under a microscope.The initial melting temperature and pressure was 712 88～714 87℃ and 225MPa,respectively.The melting temperature of the granite was 759 54～760 00℃ at the melting pressure was 300MPa.In addition,this article also introduces several recent achievements in HDAC experimental studies abroad,such as high pressure phase of H 2O ice;the dissolution of minerals in pegmatite within H 2O system;thermal decomposition of caustobiolith,petroleum,and rocks;homogenizing temperature measuring of inclusions in minerals at high pressure,and the synthetic experiments of methane hydrates.Methane hydrates are broadly distributed at geological environments of permafrost regions,continental slopes,submarine plateaus and marine sediments.Scientists of major countries in the world are currently devoted themselves to the studies on not only surveying methane hydrate resources but also the methane hydrate synthetic experiments to comprehend their forming conditions and characteristics.This matter is of great importance to the exploration of the resources.To promote the researches on this field in our country,this article also focuses on introduction of methane hydrates studies.