广州地区非洲商贸居住功能区的形成过程与机制

The Formation and Mechanisms of African Merchants Business and Living Zone in Guangzhou

芝加哥学派对城市社区的形成发展做出了经典的生态学解释,但是却把人类行为等同于生物活动,将人类降低到生物层次,忽视了人类的社会文化属性。本文通过广州地区非洲商人聚集区的形成和发展过程,说明了城市社区的形成是一个饱含经济、文化、宗教与情感因素影响的过程,同时也对非洲商人聚集区的形成机制进行了分析。研究表明,非洲商人聚集区的形成表现为两个方面,一是非洲人口的增长,二是空间的拓展。聚集区的发展过程划分为类聚和分化两种机制,与城市空间发展相同的地方在于,聚集区商贸空间的拓展,先是同质化经营促使商贸空间的拓展,然后才出现商贸的专业化经营,换句话说,是资源的类聚达到一定程度后才出现分化。与一般城市区域发展不同的地方在于,聚集区人口的类聚和分化不是前后相继的两个过程,而是几乎同时出现的,呈现的形态是,类聚中有分化,分化中有类聚。

Chicago School＇s classic ecological interpretation of the formation and development of urban community regards human behaviours as biological activities and ignore human＇s social and cultural attributes. The empirical study of the African Community in Guangzhou shows that the formation of urban communities is an interactive process of economy, culture, religion and affections. The African merchants business and living zone in Guangzhou shows the African population growth and the spacial expansion. There are two mechanisms in the African community formation： aggregation and differentiation. African Community＇s expansion was started with the homogenous business and population aggregation, then the functional differentiation brought about internal division in the community. However the aggregation is before the differentiation in the common urban community development, while the aggregation and differentiation mechanism works almost in the same time in the African community, that is to say there are differentiation in the aggregation while aggregation in the differentiation.