新生代农民工就业条件行业差距实证研究

An Empirical Study on Working Conditions of the Rural Migrants Workers of the New Generation in Different Industrial Sectors

本文利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,选取流动人口典型就业行业(包括制造业、建筑业、批发零售和住宿餐饮业),探讨行业之间就业条件差距的代际变化情况,分析新生代农民工工资、劳动强度、社会保险状况等就业条件的行业差距及其影响因素。研究结果表明,不同行业农民工就业条件的代际差距有明显扩大趋势,反映出行业发展的不均衡与部分劳动者的权益损害。行业待遇差距过大,将会恶化劳动力供给结构不均衡,甚至加剧近些年出现的"用工荒"现象,不利于我国宏观经济的健康发展。

Based on the data from the national dynamic monitoring survey of China＇s floating population, the paper selects the typical industrial sectors attracting the employment of the rural migrant workers of new generation such as manufacturing industry, Construction industry, sales, foods service and hotel to analyzes the generation changes of working conditions such as salary, labor intensity, social securities in different industrial sectors as well as the factors affecting the working conditions. The study shows that the generation gap of the rural migrant workers＇ working conditions in different industrial sectors is obviously enlarging, which reflects the development imbalance of different industries and the harm of the workers＇ rights and interests. The growing working condition gap among different industries is to definitely worsen the imbalance of labor supply structure, and even to intensify the labor shortage.