我国生产者延伸责任的偏差与矫治

The Deviation and Correction of Extended Producer Responsibility

废弃产品的处理关系着资源节约与环境保护,因此,生产者延伸责任已成为环境法解决环境与资源双重危机的一项重要制度安排。从循环经济发展对环境管理制度变迁的需求角度透视我国生产者延伸责任,发现:无论立法还是理论研究都存在偏差,都在时间维度上将责任定位到产品整个生命周期对环境的影响。这与注重生产者的产品责任而忽视生产者延伸责任、生产者延伸责任承担主体缺失、法律所体现的原则性导致生产者延伸责任缺乏刚性约束等直接相关。因此,应从以下四个方面进行矫治:(1)有针对性地确立两种责任并重的立法理念,(2)确定生产者延伸责任承担主体,(3)明确主体的法律责任,(4)延伸责任应明确界定在废弃物回收处置阶段。

The disposal of discarded products relates to resources conservation and environment protection. The extended producer responsibility has become an important system arrangement addressing the dual crises of environment and resources in the environmental law. The thesis starts with the recycle economy development for the change of environmental management system and analysis of the EPR in our country. It is found that there exists deviation in both legislation and in theoretical research. In legislation, the expansionary explanation leads to the wide range of responsibility and the whole product life cycle in the time dimension. While in theoretical research, it is against the real intention in EPR to deal with the discarded products and define EPR as producers exerting environment impact on the whole life cycle process, and negligence in the research would cause the adverse consequences of secondary obligation with the performance of the first obligation in the wrong way. Reasons for the deviation in the EPR in our country are the emphasis on the product responsibility, negligence of the EPR, absence of subject of EPR, and the lack of rigid constraints resulted from the principle of law. According to the reasons of deviation, the thesis puts forward the basic idea of correcting the deviation of EPR from four aspects including the establishment of legislation idea of two equal responsibilities, determination of the main body of EPR, fulfillment of legal responsibility, and the definition of EPR in waste recycling to provide reference for EPR in our country.