天基可见光传感器卫星监视地球同步带目标的轨道设计

Orbit Design of Space-based Visible Sensor Satellite for Monitoring the Objects in Geosynchronous Belt

在分析地球同步轨道目标光学特性和位置特性的基础上,确定了天基可见光(Space-Based Visible,SBV)传感器监视整个地球同步带目标的搜索栅栏位置以及搜索策略,导出搜索栅栏与观测时间和观测次数之间的关系.根据航天任务需求和SBV传感器特性,确定了监视轨道的类型和参数约束条件,给出了约束条件下监视轨道的选取范围,并对其轨道观测效能进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明,通过适当选取监视轨道参数,监视轨道对地球同步带的覆盖率均可达到90%以上.如果SBV传感器视场达到4°×4°以上或搜索栅栏宽度大于40°,其覆盖率高达95%以上.

Based on the analysis of the optical and positional characteristics for geosynchronous objects, this paper motivates the location chosen for the search fence and the Space-Based Visible （SBV） sensor operating strategy. The relationship among the size of the search fence, the time required to search the fence region and the times of the observation is deduced firstly. Then, according to the requirement of the space mission and the characteristics of SBV sensor, this paper selected the surveillance orbit type and established the constraint conditions of the system parameters. Finally, the range of altitude for the surveillance orbit is provided on the constraint conditions, and the observational efficiencies of all possible surveillance orbits are simulated. The results of simulation indicate that the percentages of coverage for objects in geosynchronous belt of the surveillance orbits are above 90% when the orbital parameters are suitable. The percentages of coverage are above 95% when the field of view for SBV sensor is about 4° x 4° or the size of the search fence is above 40°.