黄骅湿地生态需水量研究

Ecological water requirement for wetlands in Huanghua City

采用湿地生态功能法,分别对黄骅湿地的植物、土壤、生物栖息地、补给地下水需水量进行计算,以得出黄骅湿地的生态需水量.结果表明:黄骅湿地的生态需水量分为3个级别,即最小生态需水量(0.462～0.778亿m3)、最适宜生态需水量(1.912～2.994亿m3)、最大生态需水量(4.354～5.064亿m3).从黄骅湿地的现状来看,黄骅湿地年总入流量为0.494亿m3,而黄骅湿地年水面蒸发量为0.978亿m3,因此,黄骅湿地的自产水量不能满足湿地生态系统的健康发展,需要人工补水,而保证黄骅湿地最佳水量的补水量是黄骅湿地最优需水量和总入流量之间的差值,即1.418～2.500亿m3.

By using the ecological function method, the minimum, moderate and perfect water require- ments for wetlands in Huanghua City were calculated respectively. The results showed that ecological wa- ter requirement for wetlands in Huanghua City could be classified into three categories, minimum water re- quirement（0. 462× 10^8-0. 778 × 10^8 m^3 ）, moderate water requirement（1. 912 ×10^8 -2. 994 × 108 m^3 ） and perfect water requirement（1. 912× 10^8-2. 994 × 108 ms ）. At the present stage, annual flow of wetlands in Huanghua City was 0. 494×108 ms, however, evaporation capacity of wetlands in Huanghua was 0. 978× 10^8 ms. Precipitation was not enough to supply the evapotranspiration, so the wetlands needs to add supple- mental water,which should be 1. 418×10^8-2.5 × 108 m^3.