大别山区老年人日常生活活动能力及影响因素

Ability of daily living and its influencing factors among rural elderly in Dabieshan Mountain area

目的了解安徽省大别山区老年人的日常生活活动能力(ADL)状况及其影响因素,为制定预防和干预措施提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法对安徽省大别山区岳西县来榜镇抽取的1 117名≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查。结果大别山区1 117名老年人平均年龄为(70.17±6.624)岁,男353人,女764人;ADL量表总分为(19.37±7.101)分,其中躯体生活自理(PADL)量表得分为(6.86±2.726)分,工具性日常生活活动(IADL)量表得分为(12.50±4.956)分;大别山区老年人ADL受损率为73.1%,其中PADL和IADL受损率分别为17.3%和72.5%,轻度和重度ADL受损率分别为54.8%和18.4%;多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄≥70岁和患有慢性病是大别山区老年人ADL受损的危险因素;经常锻炼身体和支配部分经济是大别山区老年人ADL受损的保护因素。结论大别山区老年人ADL受损情况较重;年龄、经济支配情况、锻炼身体情况和是否患慢性疾病是大别山区老年人ADL的主要影响因素。

Objective To examine the status of activities of daily living（ADL） and its influencing factors among rural elderly population in the Dabieshan Mountain area.Methods Totally 1 117 rural elderly aged 60 years and older were chosen with cluster sampling from a town of Dabieshan Mountain area and then their ADL was measured with a self-designed questionnaire and the influencing factors of ADL were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression.Results The total number of valid questionnaires was 1 117（353 for male and 764 for female）.The mean age of the elderly was 70.17±6.624 years and the mean score of ADL was 19.37±7.097.The prevalence rate of reduced ADL in the elderly was 73.1%.The results of univariate analyses showed that age,marital status,chronic disease,and living condition could influence ADL in the eledrly（P0.05）.The results of logistic regression analysis revealed that age,economic control,whether with chronic disease,physical training,and living condition affected ADL of the elderly（P0.05 for all）.Conclusion The reduced ADL among rural elderly in Dabieshan Mountain area was prevalent and living condition and quality of life of the elderly should be improved.Age,physical training,economic control,whether with chronic disease,and living condition were significant predicting variables of ADL.