父母外出打工对留守儿童危险行为和心理因素影响

Effects of parental working out-of-home on health risk behavior and psychological status among left-hehind children

目的了解父母外出打工对留守儿童危险行为以及心理因素的影响。方法选取安徽省六安市2所全日制初中2 139名年龄≤14岁学生进行危险行为和心理因素问卷调查。结果留守儿童810名(37.87%),其中父亲外出打工334人(42.47%),母亲外出打工146人(18.02%),父母均外出打工320(39.51%);母亲外出打工留守儿童吸烟行为比例为8.22%,高于父亲外出打工的3.80%及父母均未外出打工的3.23%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.117,P=0.003;χ2=10.504,P=0.001);父母均外出打工留守儿童每周饮酒≥1次比例为11.25%,高于父亲外出打工的6.4%及父母未外出打工的7.67,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.850,P=0.028;χ2=4.315,P=0.038);母亲外出打工的留守儿童因饮酒打架≥1次/学期的比例为9.59%,高于父亲外出打工的4.65及父母均未外出打工的6.24%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.312,P=0.038;χ2=4.127,P=0.042);父母均未外出打工的留守儿童上网行为比例为17.08%低于父母均外出打工的28.44%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=24.283,P=0.000);多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.129)、年级(OR=0.646)、性别(OR=0.146)是留守儿童吸烟行为的影响因素。结论父母外出打工对留守儿童的危险行为和心理产生一定影响,其中母亲外出打工影响明显。

Objective To examine the impacts of parental working out-of-home on behavior and mental status among left-behind children.Methods A questionnaire survey about adolescent health risk behavior and psychological status was conducted among 2 139 pupils（810 left-lehind children under age of 14 years） from 2 full-time schools.Results For the 810 left-behind children,the number of children with their fathers,mother,and both parents working out-of-home were 334（42.47%）,146（18.02%）,and 320（39.51%）,respectively.The ratio of smoking hehaviors among the children with their mothers working out-of-home was significantly higher than those with their father or both parents working out-of-home（8.22% vs 3.8%,χ2=9.117,P=0.003;8.22% vs 3.23%,χ2=10.504,P=0.001）.The ratio of alcohol drinking once a week or more among the children with both their father and mother woking out-ot-home was obviously higher than those with father working out-of-home and those without parents working out side.（11.25% vs 6.4%,χ2=4.850,P=0.003;11.25% vs 7.67%,χ2=4.315,P=0.038）.The children with their mother working out-of-home had a higher ratio of fighting at least once in a term or more than those of with father working out-of-home and thsoe of without parents working out-of-home（9.57% vs 4.65%,χ2=4.312,P=0.0038;9.59% vs 6.42%,χ2=4.127,P=0.042）.The children without parents working out-of-home had a lower ratio of internet surfing compared to thsoe with both parents working out-of-home（17.8% vs 28.44%,χ2=24.283,P=0.000）.The results of unconditional logistic regression revealed that the influencing factors of smoking behavior were age,grade,and gender（female） with the odds ratio of 1.129,0.646,and 0.146,respectively.Conclusion Working out-of-home of hoth father and mother,especially the working out-of-home of mother,has impacts on health risk behavior and mental status of left-behind children.