牡丹江市小学生行为问题及家庭影响因素分析

Family influencing factors of behavior problems among primary school students in Mudanjiang city

目的了解黑龙江省牡丹江市小学生行为问题发生情况及特点,探讨家庭因素对小学生行为问题的影响,为其预防和干预措施的制定提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,应用家长用儿童行为量表(CBCL)及父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)对牡丹江市4所小学4～6年级1 350名在校学生进行问卷调查。结果牡丹江市小学生行为问题检出率为19.3%,男生为20.3%,女生为18.6%;躯体主诉、焦虑抑郁、社交问题、攻击性行为、思维问题、内向性问题和行为总分分别为(2.50±2.89)、(3.73±3.96)、(2.54±2.81)、(4.31±4.73)、(2.17±3.00)、(8.34±8.15)和(22.03±20.07)分,与国内人群评价结果比较得分较高;相关分析结果表明,父、母温暖与小学生行为问题的发生呈负相关关系(P<0.01),而父亲惩罚、干涉、偏爱、拒绝、过保护和母亲过保护、拒绝、惩罚、偏爱与小学生行为问题的发生呈正相关关系(P<0.01);多元线性回归分析结果表明,小学生行为问题发生的主要影响因素为:母亲拒绝(β=0.206)、生活事件数(β=0.195)、与父母关系(β=0.133)、父亲过保护(β=0.124)、独生子女(β=0.083)与小学生行为问题关系密切,能影响小学生行为问题发生。结论家庭环境因素对小学生儿童行为问题的发生具有重要影响,改善家庭环境对降低小学生行为问题发生率具有重要作用。

Objective To explore family influencing factors of the behavior problems among primary school students.Methods Questionaire research was conducted with Achenbach＇s Child Behavior Check List（CBCL） and Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran（EMBU） among 1 350 students at 4-6 grade in primary schools in Mudanjiang city.Results The prevalence of behavior problems in the students was 19.3%（20.3% in boys,18.6% in girls）.The scores of somato-complaints,anxiety-depression,social intercourse problems,aggressive behavior,thinking problems,introversion behavior,and total behavior scores were 2.50±2.89,3.73±3.96,2.54±2.81,4.31±4.73,2.17±3.00,8.34±8.15,and 22.03±20.07,respectively,in the students,which were higher than those of the norms.The results of correlation analysis showed that parents＇ warming attitudes were inversely related to the students＇ behavior problems（P0.01）,whereas,fathers＇ punishment,interpose,partialism,rejection,overprotection and mothers＇ over protection,rejection,punishment,partialism were positively related to the students＇ behavior problems（P0.01）.In stepwise regression analysis,the personality characteristics of mother rejection（β=0.206）,life events（β=0.195）,relationship with parents（β=0.133）,father overprotection（β=0.124）,and only child family（β=0.083） were significantly associated with behavior problems in the students.Conclusion Familial environment factors have an important influence on the incident of children behavior problems and improving familial environment may play an important role to decrease the prevalence of behavior problems amang primary school students.