优秀排球运动员的预判特征研究——以“扣球”为例

Research on Elite Volleyball Athletes' Characteristics of Anticipation——Taking "Smash" as Example

目的:探讨优秀排球运动员防守时的预判特征,为预判能力训练与指导提供依据。方法:依据"专家—新手"范式,使用E-Prime 2.0实验设计系统进行扣球视频呈现,采用眼动记录技术对防守运动员的预判过程进行测量与分析。结果:在对扣球方向进行预判时,优秀排球运动员应做到:1)反应速度快、准确率高;2)注视数量少、眼跳距离大;3)除了将"扣球运动员"作为主要信息源外,还将"二传运动员"作为重要的信息源;4)扣球运动员的"手臂"和"上体"是主要的注视区域。结论:优秀排球运动员预判时具有一定的视觉信息加工优势,该结果为对扣球进行预判时"怎么看、看什么"提供了依据。

Objective： To investigate the elite volleyball athletes＇ characteristics of anticipation when they defended, provide the bagis for the ability to anticipate training and guidance. Method：The E-Prime 2.0 was used to show volleyball smash videos and the eye tracking system was used to measure the anticipating process of defensive players according to expert-novice paradigm. Result.. The elite athletes ＇ response speed faster and response accuracy higher, less number of fixations and larger saccade distance, in addition to ＂attacker＂ as the main source of information,＂setter＂ as an important source of information, the attackers＇ arms and upper body as important anticipating clues when they anticipate smash directions. Conclusion. The elite athletes have certain advantage of visual information processing when they anticipate, the results provided evidences of ＂how to look and what to see＂ when predicting smash directions.