竞技健美操六人项目托举编排及设计研究

Research on Composition and Design of Liftsin Groups of Aerobic Gymnastics

通过观察第10届、第11届2个不同规则周期(2005—2008与2009—2012)的世界健美操锦标赛现场录像,针对六人项目中的托举编排与设计的时间特征、动作类型、组合形式、运动空间、姿态变化等一些较客观、可量化的指标进行统计分析与比较,探讨了托举编排和动作设计的一般规律和发展趋势。研究认为,托举是竞技健美操六人项目艺术评判的重要内容之一,竞赛规则的变化发展不断为托举动作的创新设计提供了更广的发展空间。现阶段以托举静止造型作为开场的运用有所减少,以托举静止造型作为结束仍然较为普遍;托举在成套动作中的总时间有所增加;动力性托举以及动力性与静力性结合的托举动作的运用较多,翻转动作以及有接触抛接动作运用非常普遍;底座的人员组合形式多变;尖子的重心起伏与动作姿态变化频繁。然而,底座的动作类型与施力方式、空间利用、动作姿态变化等方面表现不足,尖子的人数与组合形式较局限。

Through observing the video of 10th and 11th aerobic gymnastics world championships of different rule periods （2005-2008,2009-2012）, the paper counts and analyzes these objective and quantifiable index in composition and design of lifts in the routine of groups event, such as time characteristics, types of movement, combining forms of the number, space utilization, and body shape, discusses the general regulation and development trend. The result shows that lifts are important contents of judging artistry in groups of aerobic gymnastics. Owing to the consistent development of the rule, the designer has more space for imagination and creation in lifts. The application forms beginning with stationary lifts have been decreased nowadays, but those forms which end with stationary lifts were more common. The total time of lifts has been increased in the routine. The dynamic lifts or mixed type lifts of dynamic and static have been more used. The somersault and rotational movement and the pitch movement without flight have been widespread used in lifts. The combining forms of the number of the base（s） were various. There are frequent changes in center of gravity and body shape of the top （s）. But there are poor performances in the types of movement, force method, space utilization, and body shape of base（s）. What is more, the combining forms and the number of top（s） were also limited.