人体下肢鞭打动作技术原理的生物力学研究

Biomechanical Analysis on Principles of Lower Limb Whiplash Movement

下肢鞭打应属于打击性鞭打动作,选择踢球这一典型的下肢鞭打动作作为研究对象,利用三维录像拍摄与解析技术、逆向动力学计算方法和无线遥测肌电测试与分析技术对其进行了同步研究,以期能够从运动学、动力学、肌电学3个不同的层面来揭示下肢鞭打动作的特征与机制。研究表明:1)下肢鞭打动作角速度特征为后摆时表现为大腿逐渐减速,小腿加速→最大角速度→减速的特点;前摆时表现为大腿加速→最大角速度→减速,小腿持续加速的特点。2)髋关节的屈肌力矩、膝关节的伸肌力矩、踝关节的背屈力矩在下肢鞭打动作前摆阶段起主导作用;髋关节的内收/外展力矩起定向作用;髋关节旋内/旋外力矩、膝关节旋内/旋外力矩以及踝关节内翻力矩的主要作用是对脚的方位及倾斜程度进行调整。3)股直肌、股内肌、股外肌、胫骨前肌在下肢鞭打动作前摆阶段起主导作用。4)小腿加速前摆的初期伸膝肌群产生的伸膝力矩在起支配作用,后期是伸膝力矩与来自大腿角动量的传递共同在起作用。

By means of 3D videotaping and analyzing, arithmetic of inverse dynamics and remote wireless EMG, kicking soccer, as the typical movement of lower limb whiplash belonging to the kind of striking, was researched in synchronization so as to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of kinematics, dynamics and EMG. The study indicated that 1） the angular velocity of thigh decrease gradually, and that of leg displayed increasing-peak value-decreasing during the backward swing of lower limb＇ contrarily, thigh for increasing- peak valuedecreasing, leg for increasing gradually. 2） Muscle moments of flexor of hip, extensor of knee and dorsiflexion of ankle played an important role during the forward swing of lower limb whiplash. Muscle moments of adduetion/ abduction of hip made a directional action. Muscle moments of internal/ external rotation of hip and knee, and inversion/ eversion of ankle adjusted the orientation and tilt degree of foot. 3 ） The muscles of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior played an important role during forward swing of lower limb whiplash. 4） The muscles of extensor of knee dominated during the prophase of forward swing of leg, and both muscles of extensor of knee and angular momentum from thigh worked together during the anaphase.