理据的场约束及系统运筹--以交通乘用概念的理据为例

On the Field Restriction and Systematical Operation of Motivation:The Case of the Motivation of Transporting Concept

本文以交通乘用概念的理据为例,通过多种语言的泛时对比和汉语历时、共时比较,归纳出该概念各种可能理据的集合,比较了它们跟其知识场各常识构件间的匹配关系等,由此进一步证明了马清华(2010,2011)就理据问题提出的场约束原理。但可能的理据并不能自然实现为现实的理据,本文继而以汉语为单一分析材料,通过对其乘用概念的理据运筹活动的详细论证,表明可能的理据能否成功实现为现实理据(即语言对概念表达策略的选择),取决于言内外多种因素的运筹结果。表达目的、言外的现实和认知条件、言内的形义基础相互作用,协同规定着概念的理据,这就把优先原理进一步发展成为系统运筹原理。本文对场约束原理的进一步证明和所发展出的系统运筹原理丰富、完善了理据理论。

By cross-language panchronic comparisons together with diachronic and synchronic comparisons within Chinese, this study takes the transporting concept as an example, sums up the possible motivations for this concept, compares its relationships with general components in other knowledge fields , thus further testifies the field restriction principle of motivation proposed by Ma Qinghua （2010, 2011 ） . However, potential motivation cannot naturally be realized as the actual motivation. By analyzing Chinese as the single material, this study explicitly demonstrates the operation of motivation in the transporting concept, and indicates that whether the potential motivations can be successfully realized as the actual motiva- tion （i.e. the selection of concept expressing strategy in language） depends on various factors within language or beyond it. The combination of the purpose of the expressions, the reality and cognitive conditions , the basic linguistic meaning and form regulates the motivation of the concept, which advances the priority principle into the systematical operation principle. This study further verifies the field restriction principle, and developes a systematical operation principle, which enriches and improves the motivation theory.