潮汕地区农村留守儿童自尊与社会支持的关系研究

A Study on Relationship Between Children’s Self-esteem and Social Support of the Rural Left-behind Children in Chaoshan Area

采用自尊调查表、社会支持评定量表和自编的一般情况问卷,对潮汕三市农村地区的760名小学五年级和初中一年级学生进行问卷调查,以探讨潮汕地区农村留守儿童自尊与社会支持的关系。结果显示:(1)母亲在外打工组留守儿童的自尊得分显著低于父母均在外打工组、父亲在外打工组和对照组儿童;(2)在留守儿童群体内,小学五年级学生的自尊得分显著高于初中一年级学生,而初中一年级学生在社会支持总分、主观支持和对支持的利用度维度上的得分均显著高于小学五年级学生;(3)留守儿童的自尊与社会支持总分、主观支持和对支持的利用度都有显著正相关。因此,家长和学校在对留守儿童进行心理健康教育的过程中,应培养他们善于发现和利用社会支持资源的能力,进行自我心理调整,以提高其自尊水平。

This paper explored the relationship between self-esteem and social support of rural left-behind children in Chaoshan area by making a survey of 760 students from Grade 5 and 7 in three cities of Chaoshan area with the Self-esteem Inventory,Social Support Rating Scale,and the general situation of self-compiled questionnaire.The results showed：（1） On self-esteem,the group of left-behind children whose mothers work outside scores significantly lower than the group whose parents work outside,the group whose fathers work outside,and the control group.（2）The score of self-esteem of left-behind children in Grade 5 is significantly higher than that of Grade 7,but the scores of social support,subjective support and utilization of support of left-behind children in Grade 7 are significantly higher than that of Grade 5.（3） The self-esteem of left-behind children is significantly positive correlated with social support,subjective support and utilization of support.Therefore,in the course of mental health education of left-behind children,parents and schools should develop their ability to discover and use social support resources,and do self-psychological adjustment,in order to enhance their self-esteem level.