体与魂的双重居所——孟定“傣德”家屋研究

Dwelling Place for Both the Body and the Soul: A Study on Ta:i-daw's Houses

家屋作为私人空间与村寨作为公共空间,其主要功能是为人们的身体提供居住和活动的空间。然而在云南省临沧市耿马县孟定镇傣德人家,家屋、村寨在作为建筑学意义上的物理空间之外,则更多展示出该社会关于建筑与人的生命关系的认识。在这一认识体系下,家屋、村寨与人一样都是有魂的,前者不仅是后者容留身体的物理空间,更是后者安顿魂魄的魂体空间。更为重要的是,这些家屋、村寨与人的身体一样,都是有生命、需喂养、要维护的。可以说在耿马傣德的观念系统中,这些建筑物与人的生命体之间是一种同形同构的关系。

Generally, house as a private space and village as a public space aim to offer places for people＇s dwelling and activities. However, for the Ta： i -daw people, the physical spaces of their architecture, such as house and village, display more a set of concep- tual categories concerning the relationship between architecture and people＇s life. In their system of recognition, house and village are just like human beings with their own souls. House and village are not only the physical spaces for human beings to keep their body, but also the pneumatic spaces to nestle their souls. Moreover, the bodies of such house and village, like bodies of human beings, have their own lives, and need to be fed and maintained. In other words, the Ta ：i -daw people believe that there is an isomorphic structure between such buildings and their life.