西藏城市老年人社会交往结构研究

A Study of the Social Communication of the Urban Elderly People in Tibet

西藏地区在人口老龄化与城市化快速发展的双重背景下,如何维持与改善城市老年人的社会交往是提高老年人生活质量的重要课题。通过对拉萨市与日喀则市的全部38个社区中随机抽出13个社区的1979名60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查,从频度、规模、满意度三个角度对社会交往进行测评,并创建了社会交往与居住条件以及健康状况三个潜在因子的结构方程模型。结果显示,西藏城市老年人社会交往的总体水平是频度较高、规模较小、满意度较高;居住条件的便捷性越高以及周边环境越好,老年人社会交往的频度就越高、规模就越大;社会交往的频度越高以及规模越大,老年人的健康状况越好,社会交往对心理健康的影响大于对身体健康的影响。同时发现,社会交往满意度受社会交往的频度、规模影响较小,而对增强社会交往对健康状况促进作用有较强的间接效应。

When the aging problem and quick urbanization have occurred in Tibet, the improvement of the life of the urban elderly part- ly relies on their good social communication. In order to explore the traits of social interaction among the urban elderly people in Tibet, this research selected 13 communities randomly from all the 38 communities of Lhasa and Xigaze and used a questionnaire survey re- sponded by 1979 elderly people who aged 60 or over. It aimed to evaluate their social interaction through the criteria of frequency, scale and satisfaction, and create a structural equation model using three potential factors, that is, social interaction, living conditions and health status. The results are as follows： 1 ） The urban elderly＇s social interaction is relatively high in frequency, small in scale, and relatively high in satisfaction. 2） With a higher convenience degree of living conditions, and a better community environment, the frequency of such elderly＇ s communication increased and the scale of social interaction extended. Accordingly, the elderly would be in a better health status. And the social interaction has a greater effect on their psychological health than physical health. 3 ） The frequen- cy and scale of social interaction has a slight effect on satisfaction, but satisfaction has a stronger but indirect relationship with health status, and it helps strengthen the effect of social interaction on health status.