2010～2011年龙岩市5家冶炼厂作业人员慢性铅中毒患病情况调查

Survey on the Prevalence of Chronic Saturnism Among the Employees of Five Ferromanganese Smelting Plants,Longyan City,2010-2011

[目的]了解龙岩市5家锰铁冶炼厂作业人员慢性铅中毒发生情况,为制定预防措施提供依据。[方法]2010年5月至2011年5月,对5家冶炼厂作业场所空气中铅浓度进行检测,对接触铅烟(尘)人员慢性铅中毒发现情况进行调查。[结果]2010年5月至2011年5月,在5家冶炼厂合计检测作业场所空气样品106份,铅浓度超过国家卫生标准的41份,超标率为38.68%,甲厂、乙厂、丙厂、丁厂和戊厂的超标率分别为7.14%、14.29%、37.50%、42.86%和58.82%。在5家冶炼厂合计检查作业人员336人,检出铅中毒患者208例,检出率为61.90%。208例患者中,观察对象128例,轻度中毒56例,中度中毒23例,重度中毒1例。作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率,生产环境与职业卫生管理制度好的为54.19%,差的为68.51%(P<0.01);接触工龄<1、1～4、5～9、≥10年的分别为57.14%、65.45%、53.33%、60.53%;<31岁的为46.67%,31～40岁的为61.96%,41～50岁的为66.67%,≥51岁的为60.87%;男性为68.29%,女性为24.49%。[结论]龙岩市5家冶炼厂作业场所空气铅浓度超标率较高,作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率很高。

[Objective]To understand the prevalence of chronic saturnism among people employed by the five ferroman- ganese smelting plants in Longyan city, so as to provide scientific basis for setting up the prevention measure. [Methods] During May,2010-May, 2011, the concentration of lead containing in the air of five ferromanganese smelting plants in Longyan city was detected,and a survey was conducted on the prevalence of chronic saturnism among the employees who were exposed to lead dust. [Results]During May, 2010-May, 2011,106 samples were collected from the air of five ferro- manganese smelting plants, and 41 of which were found exceeding the national standard, presenting a number of 38.68 %. The proportions of the exceeding in the five smelting plants were 7.14~ ,14. 290/oo ,37. 500//00,42.86% and 58.82% respec- tively. 336 employees in the five ferromanganese smelting plants were studied and 208 employees were found suffering from chronic saturnism. The relevance ratio was 61.90 %. In the 208 eases,mild poisoning, moderate poisoning and severe poisoning was 128,56,23 and 1 respectively. The relevance ratio of chronic saturnism in the smelting plant which had a better working environment and management system of occupational hygiene was 54.19 %, comparing with 68.51% in the ones of the worse. Concerning about the length of service, the relevance ratios were 57.14%, 65.45%, 53.33% and 60.53% in the people who had worked less than 1 year, 1-4 years, 5-9 years and more than 10 years respectively. The numbers were 46.67%,61.96% ,66.67% and 60. 870/oo in the people who belonged to the age group of less than 31,31- 40,41-50 and more than 50. And it was 68.29 % in male, while 24.49 % in female. [Conclusion]In the five ferromanganese smelting plants of Longyan city, the concentration of lead containing in the air is higher than the national standard, followed with a higher relevance ratio of chronic saturnism.