生命悲歌与文学经典

Elegy of Life and Literary Classics

文学史上的作家群体,在生存状况上以贫困居多,而文学经典也往往以描写贫困为主要内容。这种文人与作品的双重"贫困",构成了中国文学史的一种常态。文人的贫困虽然有拙于生事的原因,但主要源于科举和仕途的蹭蹬。有的文人不善处穷,往往以琐碎之笔描写贫困之状,但更多的文人并不以贫困为忧,仍坚守着对"道"的追求。当诗歌不能给诗人带来成功,诗人往往将诗歌本身作为追求的目标,"穷而后工"在这样的语境中具有非常充沛的生命意义。文学史上的这种生态现象值得认真总结。

The majority of the writers in literary history lived in poverty, and poverty is also a major subject of literary classics. The double ＂poverty＂ of the authors and their works laid the norm of the history of Chinese literature. The poverty of the writers was partially caused by their poor abilities in making a living, but the major reason was the frustrations and setbacks they received in the imperial examination and their official career. Those who could not bear poverty would describe poverty through their pens, whereas the majority of writers still stuck to their pursuits of Tao in spite of their suffering. When poetry could not bring success to the poets, they would often regard the poetry itself as the pursuit of goals, hence there was the profound meaning in the line of ＂poverty leading to accomplishment＂. This ecological phenomenon in literary history is worthy of serious conclusion.