0～24月龄婴幼儿家庭养育情况调查

A survey of family nurture environment for infants aged 0-24 months

目的了解0～24月龄婴幼儿家庭养育情况及其影响因素，为家庭育儿提供参考。方法选择北京、长治、黄冈、苏州和南宁为研究地点，对0～24月龄婴幼儿养育人进行问卷调查，并对结果进行分析。结果参加本次调查的婴幼儿共1036人。纯母乳喂养率较低，辅食添加状况有待改善，在水果、蔬菜、肉类、鱼虾类辅食添加率上，城市显著高于农村（∥值分别为4．366、6．562、10．812、20．208，均P〈0．05）。免疫接种率较高，89．9％的婴幼儿定期进行健康体检。呼吸道感染患病率最高，而家长知晓率最高的症状是发热、咳嗽，家长对疾病的认知程度与婴幼儿患病情况相关。在1036名婴幼儿中，有377人曾发生意外伤害．发生率为36．4％。有66．5％的调查人群仍在使用尿布、纸尿裤与布尿布，混合使用频率最高达32．7％。最常使用的便后臀部清洁方式是水洗，占67．5％。受访婴幼儿的平均夜间睡眠时间是9．7小时。结论婴幼儿的发育与家长的养育观念及家庭抚养环境息息相关。在家庭抚育环境中应普及科学育儿观念和育儿技能，促进儿童早期发展。

Objective To investigate the status of family nurture environment and its influencing factors on infants aged 0 to 24 months, so as to provide references for family rearing. Methods Beijing, Changzhi, Huanggang, Suzhou and Nanning were selected as study areas. The structured questionnaires were accomplished by caregivers of infants aged 0-24 months, and the resuhs were analyzed by using SPSS. Results Altogether 1 036 cases participated in the study. The rate of exclusive breasffeeding in study areas was low, and further efforts were needed to reinforce complementary feeding. The complementary feeding rates of fruits, vegetables, meet and fish were siguificantly higher in urban than those in rural area （X2 value was 4. 366, 6. 562, 10. 812 and 20. 208, respectively, all P 〈0.05）. The rate of vaccination was high, and 89.9% of infants had regular physical examination. Prevalence of respiratory tract infection （RTI） was the highest, and the awareness rates of fever and cough were higher than other symptoms. Parents＇ knowledge on disease was related to previous health status. Of 1 036 infants, 377（36.4% ） had accident injuries. Diapers were still used in 66.5% of infants, and 32.7% used both cloth and disposable diapers. For skin cleaning, water was most frequently used （67.5%）. The average sleep time of studied infants at night was 9.7 hours. Conclusion Infants development is significantly associated with parents care and their nurture environment. Under family nurture environment, it is necessary to enhance scientific infant-rearing conception and skills, so that the early development of infants can be promoted.