北京市朝阳区2001至2010年5岁以下儿童死亡趋势分析

Trend analysis of child death under 5 years from 2001 to 2010 in Chaoyang District of Beijing

目的了解北京市朝阳区2001至2010年5岁以下儿童死亡状况及其变化趋势。探讨促进儿童健康的策略和措施。方法收集2001至2010年朝阳区5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据，分析死亡变化趋势。结果10年间朝阳区新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率呈明显下降趋势（Х^2=6．763，P=0．009〈0．05；Х^2=6．518，P=0．011〈0．05；Х^2=6．508，P=0．011〈0．05）。5岁以下儿童死亡以婴儿和新生儿死亡为主，其构成比分别为52．32％和38．12％。先天性心脏病、出生窒息始终是威胁5岁以下儿童生命的首要原因，分别位于前5年和后5年的第1位死因。结论朝阳区5岁以下儿童的健康状况持续改善。应继续采取综合措施控制5岁以下儿童死亡率，全面提高儿童健康素质。

Objective To understand the situation and its trend of child death under 5 years from 2001 to 2010 in Chaoyang District of Beijing, so as to explore the strategies and measures to promote children health. Methods The death monitoring data of child under 5 years from 2001 to 2010 in Chaoyang District was collected to analyze the death trend. Results In these ten years, the mortality rates of neonates, infants and children under 5 years dropped significantly （ Х^2 = 6. 763 ,P = 0. 009 〈 0.05 ;Х^2 = 6. 518 ,P = 0. 011 〈 0.05 ;Х^2 = 6. 508,P = 0.011 〈 0.05 ）. In death of child under 5 years, infant and neonatal death was dominant, and the constituent ratio was 52.32% and 38.12%, respectively. Congenital heart disease and birth asphyxia were the major reasons threatening lives of children under 5 years, and they were ranked at first place in first 5 years and second 5 years respectively. Conclusion The health status of children under 5 years has continuous improvement. Comprehensive measures should be taken continuously to control child mortality and thereby to improve the overall health quality of children.