我国托幼机构营养膳食管理状况调查分析

Analysis of the situation of food intake and nutrition in kindergartens

目的了解我国乡级及以上托幼机构营养膳食管理现状，加强营养膳食规范管理。方法用信函调查方法对31个省（自治区、直辖市）6806所乡级及以上托幼机构营养膳食管理情况进行调查。结果乡级及以上托幼机构中有86．2％的机构为儿童提供膳食，东、西部地区提供膳食的托幼机构比例高于中部地区（Х^2=84．01，P=0．00）。在提供膳食的托幼机构中，提供带量食谱、开展膳食营养计算、获得食品卫生许可证、食品储存分类分架和隔墙离地、生熟食品分开的托幼机构比率分别为50．4％、61．2％、80．9％、91．4％、97．3％，均呈东部地区最高，中部其次，西部最低。结论我国托幼机构营养膳食管理状况与《托儿所、幼儿园卫生保健制度》的要求存在差距，必须重视加强其营养膳食管理，尤其是中西部地区。

Objective To understand the situation of food intake and nutrition of children in kindergartens of town-level and above so as to improve the management of food and nutrition in kindergartens. Methods A cross-section mail survey was done to investigate the food intake and nutrition condition among 6 806 kindergartens of town-level and above in 31 provinces. Results There were 86. 2% kindergartens providing meals for children, and more kindergartens in east and west China provided meals for children than the kindergartens in central China （X^2 = 84.01, P = 0.00）. Among the kindergartens providing meals, the proportions of kindergartens providing balance meals, making nutrition calculation, getting license of food hygiene, using standard food store process, and separating the cooked and uncooked food were 50.4% , 61.2%, 80.9%, 91.4% and 97.3%, respectively. All the rates were highest in east area, followed by central China, and they were lowest in west area. Conclusion There is gap between the management situation of food and nutrition in kindergartens of town-level and above and the requirement of Chinese Guideline of Health Care in Kindergarten. The food and nutrition management should be strengthened, especially in central and west areas.