城乡初产妇女产褥期健康状况调查分析

Investigation on health condition of urban and rural primiparous women in puerperium

目的了解城乡妇女产褥期健康状况及行为的差异。方法选择2009年10月至2010年1月在泰安市中心医院住院的886名初产妇产后6周以内的妇女进行问卷调查，调查内容包括：产妇每天下床活动时间、观察子宫复旧及恶露情况、产褥期患病情况、乳房及哺乳情况、全身检查及妇科检查情况，并对结果进行分析。结果农村组产妇平均每天下床活动时间少于城市组（t=3．216，P=0．021〈0．05）；农村产妇和城镇产妇血性恶露持续时间有明显差异（t=8．756，P=0．032〈O．05）；农村产妇产褥期一些疾病的患病情况较城镇产妇高。农村产妇中产后子宫恢复欠佳占11．5％、而城镇产妇只占3．3％。农村产妇仅有20．6％在产后到医院进行检查，城镇产妇为71．7％。结论妇女产褥期存在诸多健康问题，建议建立良好的孕产期保健服务体系，加强对产褥期妇女特别是农村产妇的健康教育，最大限度地保障母婴健康。

Objective To investigate the health condition and difference in behavior of urban and rural women in puerperium. Methods From October 2009 to January 2010 886 primiparous women within six weeks after delivery in Taian Center Hospital in Shandong Province were investigated with questionnaires. The content of survey included maternal activity every day, involution of uterus and lochia, falling ill status, breast and puerperium lactation, general physical checkup and gynecologic examination. The resuhs were analyzed. Results The maternal activity every day of rural women was less than that of urban women（ t =3. 216,P =0.021 〈0.05） , and the difference in length of lochia between them was significant （ t = 8. 756, P = 0. 032 〈 0.05 ）. Some diseases in rural women were more frequent than those in urban women. The percent of poor recovery of uterus in rural women was 11.5% , and that was 3.3% in urban women. Only 20.6% of rural women went to hospital for postpartum check, but 71.7% of urban women did. Conclusion There are many health problems in puerperium. It is suggested to set up a good health care service system and strengthen health education for puerperium women, especially in rural areas, and therefore to obtain the maximum health security for both mothers and infants.