美国育成甘蔗品种分析

Analysis on sugarcane varieties bred in the United States of America

近40年来,美国甘蔗育种研究取得了显著成果,自1968年起,迄今已经注册147个甘蔗品种。目前,美国最主要的甘蔗产区是佛罗里达和路易斯安那,其中,佛罗里达历史主栽品种包括CL41-223、CP63-588、CP70-1133、CP72-1210、CP72-2086、CP78-1628、CP80-1743、CP80-1827、CP88-1762和CP89-2143等;路易斯安那历史主栽品种包括CP52-68、CP65-357、CP70-321、CP74-383、LCP85-384和HoCP96-540等。从甘蔗品种选育推广的历史总体表现来看,虽然每年都有甘蔗新品种释放,但是真正能够大面积推广的优良品种6～8年出现一个。美国甘蔗育种的运作管理方式对确保美国甘蔗糖业的可持续发展发挥了重要作用。从美国引进的甘蔗品种是我国甘蔗种质资源的重要来源,部分品种已成为我国最重要的甘蔗育种亲本。

Sugarcane breeding has got obvious progress in the United States of America （USA） in recent 40 years, and total 147 sugarcane varieties have been registered since 1968. At present, the most important sugarcane producing area in the USA is Florida and Louisiana. In recent history, the predominant sugarcane cultivars in Florida are CIA1-223, CP63-588, CP70-1133, CP72-1210, CP72-2086, CP78-1628, CP80-1743, CP80-1827, CP88-1762, CP89-2143, etc., in Louisiana are CP52-68, CP65-357, CP70-321, CP74-383, LCP85-384, HoCP96-540, etc. In view of the breeding and extension of sugarcane varieties in the USA, on an average, only one sugarcane cultivar could be extended in large alea every 6-8 years although newly bred sugarcane varieties were released every year. The management model of sugarcane breeding in USA play an important role in guaranteeing the sustainable development of sugarcane and sugar industry. Sugarcane varieties introduced from USA are important source of the sugarcane germplasm in China, and some of them have become the most important parents in sugarcane breedinz in China.