俄罗斯的发展道路

Russia's Development Path

发展道路从本质上讲是一种价值取向,概括了俄罗斯社会发展的本质和目的,体现了传统与现代、民主化与国情的深刻辩证关系,并要求建立可以确保实现俄罗斯发展理念的机制。俄罗斯发展道路的调整与完善,是第六届国家杜马选举和总统大选的主要议程。当前,俄罗斯进入了全面发展的新阶段。加强政治竞争性是新阶段的新特点,其实质是俄罗斯新权威主义政体的改革问题。俄罗斯发展道路的调整面临挑战,主要包括国家资本主义模式的前景、国家与市场关系的协调、"统一俄罗斯"党的政党现代化、行政管理模式的改变、民意政治的挑战、社会政策的实施,以及国际战略的调整等一系列问题。俄罗斯究竟具有怎样的国家特性,如何看待俄罗斯的民主,如何看待发展道路的间断性,如何在俄国历史中理解历史俄国,这些都是研究俄罗斯发展道路的基础性问题。俄罗斯的国家身份认定从历史上就与帝国意识紧紧捆绑。这种自我意识在本质上缺乏对他者文化的尊重。这是当今俄罗斯如何融入世界的关键问题。精英阶层关于俄罗斯是"欧洲太平洋国家"的身份认定、新民族主义的思想倾向与"欧亚联盟"战略互为影响,是俄罗斯发展前景中值得关注的趋势。

Essentially, the development path is sort of value orientation, including the essence and aim of Russian social development. It embodies dialectical relationship between tradition and modernity, between democratization and national situation. And it also demands establishing a mechanism to guarantee the realization of the ideal of Russian development. The adjustment and improvement of Russian development path is main agenda of the sixth State Duma election and the presidential election. Currently, Russia has entered a new stage of comprehensive development. To strengthen political competition is a new feature of the new phase, with essence in reforming the new authoritarian regime of Russia. The adjustment of Russia＇s development pathfaces challenges, mainly including prospects of state capitalism model, coordination of state and market relations, modernization of the ＂United Russia＂ Party, changes of administration mode, challenges from public opinions, implementation of social policies, as well as adjustment of international strategies. What national identities does Russia exactly have, how should democracy of Russia be regarded, how should the discontinuity of Russian development path be treated, how should Russia be understood in Russian history？ All of these are basic issues to explore Russian development path. Historically speaking, Russian national identity is closely linked with its empire consciousness. This self-consciousness essentially lacks respect towards other cultures. This is a key issue of current Russia to integrate into the world. It is a note worthy trend for Russian prospect that the elites＇ identification of Russia as a ＂Euro-Pacific country＂, the neo-nationalism and the ＂Eurasian Union＂ strategy are closely affecting each other.