《张协状元》中“何”系疑问词语

The Interrogative Phrases of "He-family" in ZhangXie Zhuangyuan

《张协状元》中"何"系疑问词语较为丰富,都是上古汉语或中古汉语就已出现的。用于询问或兼用于反诘的"何"系疑问词语有"何"及其复合形式"如何、缘何、为何、何处、何方、何如、何时、何日、若何"等,主要用于询问事物、情状、原因、处所、时间等。仅用于反诘的"何"系疑问词语有"何须、何不、何苦、何用、何妨、何曾、何常、何况、奈何、何故"等,主要用于VP前,对VP进行否定。从《张协状元》可以看出,反诘副词"何用"来源于"为什么需要"义的跨层结构"何用"。

The interrogative phrases of ＂He-family＂ in ZhangXie ZhuangYuan are fairly plentiful and they have already appeared in the Ancient Chinese or Medieval Chinese.Used as inquring or rhetorical questions,the interrogative phrases of ＂He-family＂,＂He＂ and its compound forms like ruhe,yuanhe,weihe,hechu,hefang,heru,heshi,heri,ruohe are mainly applied to ask the object,situation,cause,place,time and so on.Some are only used as rhetorical questions,such as hexu,hebu,heku,heyong,hefang,heceng,hechang,hekuang,naihe,hegu,etc,which are especially used before VP to negate it.From the Zhang Xie Zhuangyuan,we can know that the rhetorical adverb heyong comes from the trans-layered structure of heyong,which means ＂why we need＂.