一起非典型化工火灾事故的调查分析

The investigation and analysis of an atypical chemical fire accident

结合一起化工火灾事故介绍火灾事故调查的程序。上海化工园区某公司低温罐区乙烯管道发生泄漏,引发爆炸燃烧,未造成人员伤亡。通过多方人证询问,首先排除人为破坏因素。录像分析表明首先发生了可燃物的泄漏,而后瞬间爆炸产生了亮光,发生火灾。由破坏痕迹轻重、可燃气体探测仪DCS分析、平台南侧管廊管道裂口朝向、平台区域管道裂口朝向确定泄漏部位;由录像比对分析阀门阀盖缺失情况,结合鉴定分析,确定泄漏点为超临界乙烯操作平台底层东南侧超临界乙烯计量器旁路阀处。引火源有三种可能,事故定性为设备缺陷引发的安全生产事故。应进一步研究分析新技术的安全风险,制定相关技术标准。应加强对化工设备的监管,细化部分电气设施的控制权限。

The fire accident investigation procedure with a chemi- cal fire accident was put forward. A cryogenic tank farm ethylene pipeline leak of a company in the Shanghai Chemical Industry Park caused the explosion burning without casualties. Through multi-party witnesses asked, the human damage factors were ruled out first. Video analysis showed that first the leakage of combustible occurred and then an instant explosion of light before the fire. Through the damage traces, DCS analysis of combustible gas detector, the orientation of pipe gallery and pipeline gap of the south side of the platform and the orientation of pipeline gap of platform, the leak site was determined. Combined with the identification analysis, the leak point was the by-psss valve of the supercritical ethylene meter bypass on the southeast of the bottom of the supercritical ethylene platform by video analysis and the valve bonnet loss situation. There are three possibilities of ignition source. The accident was determined to be a production safety accident caused by equipment defects. It should be further studied to analyze the security risks of new technologies, and relevant technical standards should be developed to promote application of new technologies. It＇s expected to strengthen the supervision of chemical equipment and refine the control permissions of some electrical facilities.