行政服从解释视角的转换——从现代性、后现代性到公共性

Paradigm Shift of Administrative Obedience: From Modern, Postmodern to Public Paradigm

"命令—服从"机制是现代组织的核心运作机制,这在韦伯的官僚制范型中已经得到了精妙的描述。但在这样的机制下,行政人员常常需要面对一种两难情境,这种情境需要个人去判断那些与个人责任相悖的组织义务的对与错、好与坏以及公正还是不公正。行政服从的困境实质上是行政人员的主观责任和客观责任之间的冲突,公共组织设计面临的基本问题是个人自主与集体理性之间的持续张力。从这两项约束条件出发2,0世纪40年代开始,西方学者们分别站在现代性、后现代性和公共性的立场上对"命令—服从"机制进行了批判,其开出的药方或是补充,或是抛弃,或是修正。这些不同的解决方案体现了他们立足于不同的理解视角创新公共组织形式的努力。对不同立场的批判理论进行梳理,有助于更好地理解行政服从和探讨行政服从的未来命运。

＂ Command-obedience＂ mechanism, as the core of the operating mechanism of been exquisitely described by Weber in its bureaucracy paradigm. However, such mechanism modern society, has often encounters ex- eeutives with a dilemma,in which individuals have to make a judgment on those obligations contrary to personal responsibility. The predicament of administrative obedience is essentially the conflict between subjective responsi- bility and objective responsibility of the executives. The fundamental problems facing public organization is the continuous tension between individual autonomy and collective action. Since 1940s, western scholars have been criticizing＂ Command-obedience＂ mechanism in modern, postmodern and public perspectives. They proposed to supplement, to abandon, or to amend. Different solutions show different perspectives of understanding and inno- vations. To sort out the different schools of criticism, we may have a clear picture and explore the future of the administrative obedience.