杜甫辞赋创作三辨

Du Fu's Cifu: Three Perspectives

为了研究杜甫辞赋创作的动机与取向,从创作动机、导谀乞怜、讽谕之义三个方面,采用实事求是的方法,对杜甫辞赋创作中的一些细节进行了分析和辨正。通过分析认为,杜甫辞赋创作具有较强的功利性动机,是求得君臣遇合、实现其政治理想的重要手段。杜赋所表现出的导谀乞怜倾向实为表面现象,其实质是希冀以自己才能博取政治理想的实现,不应过分指责。杜赋在创作过程中,体现出对辞赋讽谏功能自觉坚持,这一点也为后代论者所承认,尤其是他在赋中运用的征实和稽古的写作方法构成了他所追求的"诗人之赋"的基本内核。

In order to understand the motives and orientation of Du Fu＇s cifu, style of metrical composition, this article analyzes his cifu from perspectives of creative motive, begging for official position and the allegorical meaning. Du Fu＇s cifu has a strong utilitarian motivation, which is to show the loyalty to monarch and achieve his political ideals. Du Fu＇s flattery of the emperor and begging for the emperor＇s mercy are just superficial, and, in essence, it aims to win political ideal by his talents. Du Fu adheres to the allegorical function of cifu, which has been understood by some commentators. In his cifu, the respect to reality and Confucian rule makes the real kernel of his pursuit of the Poet＇s cifu.