医院下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及其药物敏感性分析

Distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacterium from hospitalized patients with lower respiratory infection

目的了解医院医院下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及药物敏感情况。方法对我院医院下呼吸道感染的痰标本行病原菌培养,并对致病菌的药物敏感性进行分析。结果共分离致病菌249株G+球菌占37.3%,G-杆菌占49.0%,真菌占13.7%。G+球菌中前四位分别是金黄色葡萄球菌(33株)、表皮葡萄球菌(19株)、链球菌(14株)和腐生葡萄球菌(13株)。G-杆菌前四位分别是鲍氏不动杆菌(29株)、铜绿假单胞菌(21株)、阴沟肠杆菌(18株)和肺炎克雷伯杆菌(16株)。所分离的细菌对多种抗菌药的敏感性均较低,但主要G+球菌对万古霉素敏感率100%。四种主要G-杆菌中除铜绿假单胞菌外对亚胺培南、美罗培南的敏感率均在75%以上。真菌以白假丝酵母菌为主(22株),对抗真菌药物敏感率较高。结论我院院内下呼吸道感染的病原菌构成复杂,以G-杆菌为主。

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug sensitivity of pathogenic bacterium in nosocomial lower respiratory infections. To provide reference for rational use of antimicmbial agents. Method Sputum samples were collected from hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The pathogenic bacterium isolated from the sputum samples were cultivated to identify the types and analyze the drug sensitivity. Result Among 249 strains pathogenic bacterium, gram-positive coccobacteria and gram-negative bacillus were about 37.3%, 49.0%, and eumycete was about 13.7%. The top four gram-positive coccobacteria were Staphylococcus aureus （33 strains）, Staphylococcus epidermidis （19 strains）, Streptococcus （14 strains）, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus （13 strains）. The top four gram-negative bacillus were Acinetobacter baumannii （29 strains）, Pseudomonas aeruginosa （21 strains）, Aerobacter cloacae （ 18 strains ）, and Klebsiella pneumoniae （ 16 strains）. Monilia albicans was the main pathogen in eumycete （22 strains）, and the drug sensi- tivity rate of antifungal agent was high. Conclusion The composition of pathogenic bacterium from nosocomial lower respiratory infection in our hospital is complex, and the gram-negative bacillus is the main pathogen. Pathogen detection and drug sensitivity monitoring should be enhanced with the hope to direct the rational use of antibacterials in clinic.