服刑人员中HIV感染者/AIDS患者的生命质量及影响因素分析

The quality of life and related factors among inmates living with HIV/AIDS

目的了解服刑人员中人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者的生命质量及影响因素,为监狱制定健康教育和干预策略提供依据。方法采用WHOQOL-HIV-BRIEF中文版对36名服刑人员中HIV/AIDS进行匿名问卷调查,结合AIDS耻辱量表以及敌意心理、对医生信任度、对经济的担忧3个维度,同时考量定性访谈结果进行因素分析。结果服刑人员中HIV/AIDS在心理领域、社会关系领域中得分明显低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.057,-19.10,P<0.001),在环境领域、精神支柱/个人信仰领域、生命质量总分中得分均高于常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。因素分析显示服刑原因、入狱前职业、CD4、年龄、AIDS耻辱得分、敌意心理得分以及对医生信任度得分对生命质量均有影响(P<0.05),其中年龄、AIDS耻辱得分及对医生信任度得分与生命质量呈负相关。结论服刑人员中的HIV/AIDS生命质量较低,应结合相关影响因素开展健康教育和行为干预,减少该人群的极端思想和行为。

Objective To explore the quality of life and related factors among inmates living with HIV/AIDS, to provide a basic theory for health education and intervention. Methods Anonymous questionaries were carried out among 36 inmates. WHOQOL-HIV-BRIEF was applied to collect information. AIDS-related stigma, hostility tendency, confidence degree of doctor and fears about economics as well as qualitative analysis were used to evaluate the influencing factors. Results Compared with norm, inmates living with HIV/AIDS had a low score in psychology and social-relation domains（ t = - 4. 057, - 19. 10, P 〈 0. 001 ）, but had a higher score in environment, spirit, and total score domains （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Factor analysis showed that there were significant differences between arrested reason, ex-oecupation, CD4, age, AIDS-related stigma, hostility tendency, confidence degree of doctor and quality of life （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Among these factors, age, AIDS-related stigma and confidence degree of doctors presented a negative correlation with quality of life. Conclusion HIV/AIDS of inmates have a low quality of life and related factors should be combined with health education and intervention to reduce extreme thoughts and actions.