云南省中西部地区东方蜜蜂形态特征研究

Morphologic Study on Apis cerana in Middle and Northwest of Yunnan Province

为了研究不同地理环境下东方蜜蜂的特征规律,测定了云南省中西部的武定、永胜、大姚、祥云和姚安5个地区的16群东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)的第6背板覆毛长度、第3背板长、翅钩数和小盾片颜色等38个形态特征指标,并同云南省其他地方的东方蜜蜂形态数据进行比较。结果表明,云南省中西部地区的东方蜜蜂为一个小类群,与德钦、宾川和丽江的亲缘关系较近。在云南省范围内,德钦的东方蜜蜂体型最大,云南省中西部地区的东方蜜蜂体型蜂次之,东南低纬区的东方蜜蜂体型最小。该地区的东方蜜蜂形态特征呈现广泛性,是云南省镜内两大东方蜜蜂类群的中间过渡带。

Morphological characters of 16 colonies of Apis cerana collected from middle and northwest of Yunnan Province were studied for character regular pattern of A. cerana in different geographical lo- cations. Morphological characters included hair length of T6, length of T3, hooks, scutellum color and so on. These data compared with data of A. cerana in other regions in Yunnan Province. The results showed that Apis cerana from middle and northwest of Yunnan province belonged to the same group. The bees from this region were nearly related to the bees from Deqin, Binchuan, Lijiang and Luquan. Among Yunnan Province, the bees with its body size are largest from Deqin, middle size in this re- gion, but the smallest were from low latitude southeast part of Ynnnan Province.