利用cpSSR分子标记法对丹参遗传特征的分析

Genetic Diversity Investigation of Cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.with cpSSR Technology

[目的]利用cpSSR(叶绿体微卫星)分子标记法对丹参的遗传特征进行分析。[方法]选择12对cpSSR扩增良好、重复性好、条带清晰的SSR引物,对全国8省25县31个采样点的丹参进行cpSSR检测分析。[结果]丹参在细胞质遗传(cpSSR)上,总体均体现为中等水平;在地区上存在不同程度差异。基于Shannon多样性指数和Nei’s基因多样性指数的细胞质遗传多样性各省间大小依次为:山西、河南、山东、河北、四川、江苏、陕西、安徽。8省区间丹参的遗传变异以种群间的遗传变异为主导;省区内种群间的基因流有限,而省区间的基因交流较明显。[结论]综合分析认为道地产区和传统主产区的丹参主要为就地引种栽培,在栽培过程中引入了部分外来种源;在道地产区四川、山东、河南之间很早就存在种质互换,新产区多从道地产区引种。但在遗传分化方面未显示地理相关性,进一步说明全国丹参种质之间存在广泛的基因交流,是由于人类活动中对丹参的异地引种所造成。

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics of S.miltiorrhiza by using cpSSR（chloroplast microsatellites） molecular marker method.[Method] 12 pairs of SSR primers with excellent cpSSR amplification result,good repeatability and clear amplification bands were selected for cpSSR detection and analysis of S.miltiorrhiza samples from 31 sampling locations in 25 counties of 8 provinces in China.[Result] S.miltiorrhiza shows an overall medium level in the cytoplasmic inheritance（cpSSR） and varying degrees of differences in the regions.Based on Shannon＇s Information index（I） and Nei＇s genetic diversity index,the cytoplasmic genetic diversity in different provinces shows a decreasing order of Shanxi,Henan,Shandong,Hebei,Sichuan,Jiangsu,Shaanxi,Anhui.Genetic variations of S.miltiorrhiza in eight provinces are mainly among populations;gene flow among populations in different provinces is limited,while genetic exchange among different provinces is relatively significant.[Conclusion] Comprehensive analysis shows that S.miltiorrhiza cultivated in genuine producing areas and traditional main producing areas are mainly introduced from the local before introduction of some foreign germplasm resources during cultivation;exchange of S.miltiorrhiza germplasm resources exists very early among genuine producing areas such as Sichuan,Shandong and Henan,while S.miltiorrhiza germplasm resources in new producing areas are mainly introduced from genuine producing areas.However,no geographical correlation was observed in the genetic differentiation,which further reveals that there is a wide range of genetic exchange among S.miltiorrhiza germplasm resources in China,resulting from the artificial introduction from allopatry.