金衢地区稻-麦(油)不同种植方式效益比较

Benefit Comparison to Different Cropping Patterns of Rice-Wheat(Rape) in Jinhua and Quzhou Area

[目的]筛选适宜金衢地区的稻(Oryza sativa L.)-麦(Triticum aestivum L.)[油(Brassica napus L.)]种植方式和主栽品种。[方法]选取在金衢地区种植的油菜品种(浙双6号、浙双3号、浙双72、浙油50、浙油18)、水稻品种(中浙优1号、甬优9号)、小麦品种(扬麦14),分别进行了免耕直播、翻耕直播等种植方式比较研究,筛选直播油菜品种,对比考察油菜、水稻、小麦不同种植方式下的产量、产值、农资投入、人力投入等。[结果]油菜不同品种间产量差异显著,其中浙油50和浙双72产量最高,同一品种翻耕直播产量较免耕直播高,适宜金衢地区的油菜的种植方式是免耕直播,可选择产量高、株高适中的浙油50;水稻品种中浙优1号与甬优9号直播时的产量与移栽差异不显著,但应用直播技术较移栽可分别节本增收1 911和1 716元/hm2,综合效益较好;小麦品种扬麦14采用不同栽培方式其生育期、产量没有明显差异,但免耕直播节本增效1 110元/hm2,适宜采用免耕直播。[结论]该研究可以为金衢地区油菜(小麦)免耕直播-单季稻的直播栽培及大面积示范推广应用提供科学依据。

[Objective] The purpose was to screen the suitable rice（Oryza sativa L.）-wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） [rape（Brassica napus L.）] planting patterns and varieties in the Jinhua and Quzhou Area.[Method] Rape varieties（Zheshuang No.6,Zheshuang No.3,Zheshuang 72,Zheyou 50 and Zheyou 18）,rice varieties（Zhongzheyou No.1,Yongyou No.9） and wheat variety（Yangmai 14） were cultivated by no-tillage and tillage direct seeding to screen direct seeding rape variety and compare and observe yield,output value,agricultural materials input and human input of rape,rice and wheat in different planting patterns.[Result] The results showed that different rape varieties had a significant difference in yield,among them Zheyou 50 and Zheshaung 72＇s yield was the highest,yield of the same rape variety planted by tillage direct seeding had higher than that planted by no-tillage direct seeding.No-tillage direct seeding pattern was suitable for rape in the Jinhua and Quzhou Area,and the suitable rape variety was Zheyou 50 with high yield and proper plant height.Zhongzheyou No.1 and Yongyou No.9＇s yield both had no significant difference between planted by direct seeding and transplanting,while when planted by direct seeding it could save costs and add income 1 911 and 1 716 CNY/ha respectively than transplanting,so had better overall efficiency.Yangmai 14 planted by different planting patterns had no obvious difference in growth period and yield,while no-tillage direct seeding could save costs and add income 1 110 CNY/ha,so its suitable planting pattern was no-tillage direct seedling.[Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for rape（wheat）＇s no-tillage direct seeding-the single rice direct cropping and its popularization and application in a large scale in Jinhua and Quzhou Area.