不同杂优组合玉米杂交种产量与产量构成因素的相关分析

Study of Correlation between Yield of Maize(Zea mays L.) Hybrids from Different Heterosis Groups and Their Components

[目的]分析不同杂优组合玉米(Zea mays L.)杂交种产量及其与产量构成因素的关系,以提高育种效率。[方法]以辽宁省常用的来源不同的10个玉米自交系及其组配的7个杂交种为试材,采用方差分析、相关分析、回归分析和通径分析等分析方法,探讨不同杂优组合杂交种产量差异、产量杂种优势表现及影响产量的各构成因素。[结果]杂交种间产量差异不显著,自交系间产量差异极显著,母本自交系的产量都比父本产量高,说明杂交种的产量产生优势受到亲本组合方式的影响;改良玉米杂交种产量性状进而提高玉米产量,应当侧重于协调增加行粒数和穗行数,提高百粒重,这3个性状的选择,有利于F1代产量优势的发挥;使F1代发挥产量优势应根据各杂优群自交系的组配特点选用不同杂优组合。[结论]该研究可为引进新的玉米种质、扩增玉米种质来源、更好地选育玉米杂交种以及更加完善地利用杂种优势模式奠定坚实的基础,对提高玉米育种的预见性起到指导作用。

[Objective] The purpose was to analyze the correlation between yield of maize hybrids from different heterosis groups and their components,and improve its breeding efficiency.[Method] Ten maize parental lines from different heterosis groups and seven maize hybrids from different heterosis combinations in Liaoning Province were chose as materials to study.Their yield heterosis and the correlation between yield and its components of hybrids was analyzed through variance analysis,correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis.[Result] The yield difference of hybrids was not significant,while the parental lines were significant,and the yield of mother lines were higher than father lines.The yield heterosis of hybrids were affected by heterosis combinations.The correlation should be harmonized between ear row numbers and grain numbers per row,the hundred grain weight should be raised in order to make F1 generation play advantage.Different heterosis combinations should be selected according to the features of parental lines from different heterosis groups.[Conclusion] The study lays a solid foundation for introducing new maize germplasm,enlarging maize germplasm resources,better breeding maize hybrids,and more perfectly utilizing heterosis pattern,and provides a guiding effect for improving predictability during maize breeding.