影响女子运动能力发展的社会学因素——以历届奥运会为例

Sociological factors affecting women's athletic ability——A Case Study of the Olympic Games

以历届奥运会田径项目男女100米、400米、马拉松、跳远,以及游泳项目100米自由泳和400米自由泳共6个体能类力量型项目为研究对象,利用MATLAB数学软件,将男女前3名的平均成绩差值建立趋势拟合曲线模型,以此揭示女子运动能力的发展规律。研究表明,男女各项目前3名最好平均成绩的差距在不断缩小,女子成绩逐渐接近男子水平。从社会学的角度来看,决定女子运动能力的发展水平虽然受身体结构等诸多因素的影响,但更多地受对女性抱有的传统文化、制度、价值观等偏见的影响。

The paper selected the men＇s and women＇s 100 m, 400 m, marathon, long jump, 100 meters freestyle and 400 meters freestyle in the Olympic Games as study objects. With the help of the mathematical software MATLAB, fitting a curve about the gap differences between the top three men and women average scores in the events, to reveal the development of women＇s potential athletic ability. Results： For men and women 100 meters, 400 meters, long jump and marathon, the gap differences between the top three men and women average scores in the events are shrinking; for 100 meters freestyle and 400 meters freestyle, the gaps are decreasing and the average of top three women＇ scores is close to men＇ s. Women＇s athletic ability not only depends on the development level of their body structure, but is more influenced by the traditional view of women with the prejudice, system, values.