自噬与糖尿病视网膜病变相关性的研究进展

The latest advance of the relationship between autophagy and diabetic retinopathy

糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病的严重并发症之一，也是主要致盲原因之一，其发病率在全世界范围内呈逐渐增长趋势。因此，对DR发病机制及有效治疗方法的研究已成为该领域的重要课题。自噬是人体分解代谢的重要途径之一，主要通过对受损细胞器和细胞内大分子物质的降解和循环利用来维持细胞内环境稳定。近年来，对哺乳类动物细胞内自噬的研究发展迅速，并发现自噬与多种代谢性疾病及年龄相关性疾病有关。在肿瘤、糖尿病肾病及年龄相关性黄斑变性等疾病的研究中，自噬已成为一大热点。而自噬与多种DR相关因素也存在密切关系，包括养分协迫、氧化应激、缺氧、内质网应激等。

As a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy （DR） is one of the major causes of blindness, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to figure out the mechanism of DR and identify an effective therapeutic target to prevent it. Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway involved in degrading and recycling damaged organelles and macromolecules to maintain intracellular homeostasis. The study of autophagy in mammalian systems is advancing rapidly and has revealed that it is involved in the pathogenesis of various metabolic and age-related diseases. The role of autophagy in such diseases as tumors, diabetic nephropathy（ DN）, age-related macular degeneration（ AMD）, etc,is currently under intense investigation. And there＇s a close relationship between autophagy and DR related factors as well including nutrient stress, oxidative stress, hypoxia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and so on.